Mechanics of snow avalanches
نویسنده
چکیده
The main problems of mechanics of snow avalanches are those of: (1) predicting avalanches, (2) avalanche motion, (3) the action of an avalanche upon obstacles, (4) the air wave, (5) the slow moving snow cover and its interaction with protective constructions and (6) the problem of artificial release of avalanches. This paper surveys the modern state of scientific knowledge about the nature of physical and mechanical processes connected with these problems, the level of progress in solving them and the foreseeable prospects. The survey is based mainly on the results of scientists (mechanicians, mathematicians and geographers) of Moscow University. Résumé. Les problèmes principaux de la mécanique des avalanches de neige sont: (1 ) la prévision des avalanches, (2) l'écoulement des avalanches, (3) l'action d'une avalanche sur un obstacle, (4) les ondes d'air, (5) le mouvement lent du manteau neigeux et son interaction avec les constructions protectrices et (6) le déclenchement artificiel des avalanches. Cette communication fait la revue du savoir scientifique moderne des processus physiques et mécaniques liés à ces problèmes, des progrès dans la solution de ceux-ci et des perspectives actuelles. Cette revue se base principalement sur les résultats des savants (mécaniciens, mathématiciens et géographes) de l'Université de Moscou.
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